As a matter of principle, there is a difference between: - you need expertise in order to be able to safely do X: take these exams and you're certified - the

As a matter of principle, there is a difference between: - you need expertise in order to be able to safely do X: take these exams and you're certified - the state sells a limited number of licenses in order to create artificial shortage, usually combined with guaranteed profits, like the 35% profit in the link. The certification is just a piece of paper and only loosely related to a set of exams.