You just described the problem with Black Empowerment policies in South Africa and "Bumiputra" policies in Malaysia. They often don't actually empower the major

You just described the problem with Black Empowerment policies in South Africa and "Bumiputra" policies in Malaysia. They often don't actually empower the majority, instead producing a cohort of well connected crony types who essentially rent out their membership in the disadvantaged class to the "exploiters".