6 ms·

It seems pretty straightforward to me. Rust fits into more or less the niche of C and C++: a low-level systems programming language with minimal runtime depen

by amalcon 11y ago

It seems pretty straightforward to me. Rust fits into more or less the niche of C and C++: a low-level systems programming language with minimal runtime dependencies (no garbage collection, smallish standard library), which happen to also be useful properties for realtime and other perfromance-critical software. Go, on the other hand, fits more into Java's niche: an opinionated mid-level garbage collected language designed for application programming or mid-level systems stuff (i.e. web servers), with concurrency baked into the language design (though Go's concurrency design is much more to my liking than Java's).

Hytosys 11y ago
I mostly agree with your analysis. As someone who is doing web development in Rust, what should I fear of missing from a language like Go or Java? Is it just an ecosystem thing? Java is a more popular option for web server development over C++, but I don't know why.
- jeffasinger 11y ago
  I think with C++ it is much easier to shoot yourself in the foot, but overall, I think it's probably mostly just ecosystem between the C++ and Java. Having tried both Rust and Go, I think I'd much prefer Go for simple web dev stuff because of all the ecosystem around it, but for most other things prefer rust.
  - _pmf_ 11y ago
    > I think with C++ it is much easier to shoot yourself in the foot property Go solves this by not allowing you to have a foot in the first place, instead encouraging you to walk on your hands and write blog posts elaborating why everybody should do this.
- phn 11y ago
  Is Rust really suitable for web development? I am genuinely asking. For server development I think it might be a good choice, but for application code itself it seems like more of a pain to program in than an advantage.
  - rockdoe 11y ago
    Probably mostly depends on the libraries and frameworks that will appear? The SQL query->data->template pipe isn't very reliant on the language as long as it can manipulate "data" reasonably well. Nobody wants to code C++ for webservers because of the risk (PayPal not included) but Rust doesn't have that issue.
    - Shorel 11y ago
      Actually, some people use C++, with an OKCupid framework. https://github.com/okws/okws https://github.com/okws/okws
  - Hytosys 11y ago
    I think Rust has promise as a web dev language. Here's a quick list of the key libraries currently in the ecosystem[1]. Up until now, I've only ever used interpreted, dynamic languages for web development. In contrast, Rust offers me a tight memory footprint (no silly things like unicorn-worker-killer), high performance (the average response time for most of my Rails apps is 150ms), and a slew of static guarantees about types (no "undefined method for nil:NilClass") and memory safety. It also has some really cool things like sanitary macros and syntax extensions that have allowed me to build out a fairly simple yet robust ORM similar to ActiveRecord in look and feel. I may be forcing a square peg into a circle hole; all my current work is experimental. Can you clarify on the difference between "server development" and "application code"? In this context, I've always considered those terms to be the same. Edit: I think I understand what you mean by application code — business logic code? Reasonable concerns. I don't have much to say yet (I'm just doing framework stuff now in preparation for real applications), but here's a demo of my aforementioned ORM in action[2]. [1] http://arewewebyet.com/ http://arewewebyet.com/ [2] https://gist.github.com/SkylerLipthay/9015e6c79859e7dc8709 https://gist.github.com/SkylerLipthay/9015e6c79859e7dc8709
  - qznc 11y ago
    If garbage collection is ok for your use case, a garbage collected language (Java, Go, etc) will most certainly make your life easier than with Rust. Rust is good for extending Python, Ruby, etc stuff. More safe than C.
- threeseed 11y ago
  I can't imagine there being a huge difference between Rust and Go both being quite new. Java and in particular the JVM has a massive ecosystem which ranges from small libraries through to major infrastructure components e.g. databases, big data, enterprise, middleware, integration etc. And the fact that the biggest and best companies are using it means you can leverage some high quality components e.g. Twitter, Netflix, IBM. That said all of the above isn't mandatory for 90% of websites most people build. As for why Java is popular for web server deployment. Not having to worry about memory management, having a less complex feature set and excellent performance are the key features I can think of.
  - Jweb_Guru 11y ago
    > I can't imagine there being a huge difference between Rust and Go both being quite new. This is a failure of your imagination. The linked article points out some of the differences, but there are many others. This topic has been endlessly discussed, and I'm kind of sick of repeating it, but I have written several posts on this matter and you can hunt them down if you wish.
- virmundi 11y ago
  Specifically about C++ v Java for web development, I think the answer lies in reflection. C++ doesn't allow member introspection at runtime like Java. Many web technologies and their supporting stacks leverage reflection heavily. Look at Spring MVC. Both it and Spring in general are reflection machines. This provides a lot of easy work that's relatively safe even with duck typing.
- pjmlp 11y ago
  C and C++ were a mess when Java appeared. C was standardized in 1989 and in the early 90's it was still easier to port K&R code than ANSI C. C++ only got standardized in 1998, two years after Java appeared. Each compiler supported different parts of the standard, had vendor specific libraries and suffered from C like APIs. Java was a good enough C++ that one could expect with would have the same behavior in every system. Also the Java 1.0 networking libraries were already miles ahead of anything one could find for C and C++, and its SDK was free in the days we paid for compilers.
- leothekim 11y ago
  For Java, you get some very excellent tooling, a slowly evolving language, a battle-tested and mature virtual machine, comprehensive API, first-order parametric polymorphism, and a number of useful frameworks with tons of community support. For Go, you get an opinionated language/build system, decent tooling that is quickly evolving, no higher-kinded types, very systems-oriented API, ability to target multiple platforms without a VM, and also a number of useful frameworks. In short, and this is just MHO, I would rather build a systems-oriented app with Go than with Java, and I would rather build a webapp with Java than with Go. It's not clear to me that, as a language, Go can capture bizlogic complexity the same way Java could in a webapp. Also, it's definitely clear to me that I would rather deploy a native binary than a vm + bytecode for systems-heavy tasks, like automating maintenance of a database cluster, and Go is excellent for that.
- lmm 11y ago
  Compared to Go or Java you're not missing much - I'm not sure what the state of Rust's generics is these days but at the very least they're not far behind Java's. Compared to a higher-level functional language you're missing higher-kinded types that would let you do things like http://typelevel.org/blog/2013/10/18/treelog.html http://typelevel.org/blog/2013/10/18/treelog.html . See what you end up doing for "cross-cutting concerns" - things like logging, auth, transactions - as those are the kind of thing you need a higher-level language to handle elegantly. The big thing you're missing compared to the mid-level languages you mention is garbage collection. Rust makes manual memory management much easier than C++, but it's still never going to be quite as easy as the "just make objects and don't worry about it" that you get in a garbage-collected language.
aikah 11y ago
yes they ARE competitors. They are both used where people would use C or C++ to get more performances , especially by developers who would normally use a scripting language like ruby or python for their 'website'. Never heard a "why we moved from Java to Go story", heard plenty of infrastructure rewriting from ruby/python/nodejs to Go. People stuck in enterprise Java/C# ain't going to move a 10-15 yo infrastructure to the latest hype,they'll stick to the JVM or the CLR which offers plenty of choice already. These (former) devs might have used Rust instead of Go though Rust doesn't come with a big webapp related ecosystem yet (it will). In this space (compile to executable - statically typed yet still expressive languages without manual memory management) there are basically 4/5 languages in competition : Go, Rust, Nim, D and Crystal. One of them will be the 'C++ for suckers of the next 10 years' and will be incredibly successful as the demand is quite high. So Go is definitely in competition with others in that space. Now let's the competition begin.
- Kurtz79 11y ago
  IMHO 'C++ for suckers of the next 10 years' will still be C++ (and I would love to be proved wrong).
- _pmf_ 11y ago
  > They are both used where people would use C or C++ to get more performances , especially by developers who would normally use a scripting language like ruby or python for their 'website'. Rust is definitely not generally used by people who would otherwise use a scripting langauge. There are dozens of languages with the same target audience as Go (with a similar or better maturity level); there are very few languages with the same target audience as Rust (suitable for embedded systems sans libc) with the maturity of Rust.
  - aikah 11y ago
    > Rust is definitely not generally used by people who would otherwise use a scripting language. I fail to see why pythonists or rubyist couldn't use Rust. On the contrary Rust has more semantics that are closer to these languages than Go has.

by amalcon 11y ago

Hytosys 11y ago

I mostly agree with your analysis. As someone who is doing web development in Rust, what should I fear of missing from a language like Go or Java? Is it just an ecosystem thing? Java is a more popular option for web server development over C++, but I don't know why.

jeffasinger 11y ago
I think with C++ it is much easier to shoot yourself in the foot, but overall, I think it's probably mostly just ecosystem between the C++ and Java. Having tried both Rust and Go, I think I'd much prefer Go for simple web dev stuff because of all the ecosystem around it, but for most other things prefer rust.
- _pmf_ 11y ago
  > I think with C++ it is much easier to shoot yourself in the foot property Go solves this by not allowing you to have a foot in the first place, instead encouraging you to walk on your hands and write blog posts elaborating why everybody should do this.
phn 11y ago
Is Rust really suitable for web development? I am genuinely asking. For server development I think it might be a good choice, but for application code itself it seems like more of a pain to program in than an advantage.
- rockdoe 11y ago
  Probably mostly depends on the libraries and frameworks that will appear? The SQL query->data->template pipe isn't very reliant on the language as long as it can manipulate "data" reasonably well. Nobody wants to code C++ for webservers because of the risk (PayPal not included) but Rust doesn't have that issue.
  - Shorel 11y ago
    Actually, some people use C++, with an OKCupid framework. https://github.com/okws/okws https://github.com/okws/okws
- Hytosys 11y ago
  I think Rust has promise as a web dev language. Here's a quick list of the key libraries currently in the ecosystem[1]. Up until now, I've only ever used interpreted, dynamic languages for web development. In contrast, Rust offers me a tight memory footprint (no silly things like unicorn-worker-killer), high performance (the average response time for most of my Rails apps is 150ms), and a slew of static guarantees about types (no "undefined method for nil:NilClass") and memory safety. It also has some really cool things like sanitary macros and syntax extensions that have allowed me to build out a fairly simple yet robust ORM similar to ActiveRecord in look and feel. I may be forcing a square peg into a circle hole; all my current work is experimental. Can you clarify on the difference between "server development" and "application code"? In this context, I've always considered those terms to be the same. Edit: I think I understand what you mean by application code — business logic code? Reasonable concerns. I don't have much to say yet (I'm just doing framework stuff now in preparation for real applications), but here's a demo of my aforementioned ORM in action[2]. [1] http://arewewebyet.com/ http://arewewebyet.com/ [2] https://gist.github.com/SkylerLipthay/9015e6c79859e7dc8709 https://gist.github.com/SkylerLipthay/9015e6c79859e7dc8709
- qznc 11y ago
  If garbage collection is ok for your use case, a garbage collected language (Java, Go, etc) will most certainly make your life easier than with Rust. Rust is good for extending Python, Ruby, etc stuff. More safe than C.
threeseed 11y ago
I can't imagine there being a huge difference between Rust and Go both being quite new. Java and in particular the JVM has a massive ecosystem which ranges from small libraries through to major infrastructure components e.g. databases, big data, enterprise, middleware, integration etc. And the fact that the biggest and best companies are using it means you can leverage some high quality components e.g. Twitter, Netflix, IBM. That said all of the above isn't mandatory for 90% of websites most people build. As for why Java is popular for web server deployment. Not having to worry about memory management, having a less complex feature set and excellent performance are the key features I can think of.
- Jweb_Guru 11y ago
  > I can't imagine there being a huge difference between Rust and Go both being quite new. This is a failure of your imagination. The linked article points out some of the differences, but there are many others. This topic has been endlessly discussed, and I'm kind of sick of repeating it, but I have written several posts on this matter and you can hunt them down if you wish.
virmundi 11y ago
Specifically about C++ v Java for web development, I think the answer lies in reflection. C++ doesn't allow member introspection at runtime like Java. Many web technologies and their supporting stacks leverage reflection heavily. Look at Spring MVC. Both it and Spring in general are reflection machines. This provides a lot of easy work that's relatively safe even with duck typing.
pjmlp 11y ago
C and C++ were a mess when Java appeared. C was standardized in 1989 and in the early 90's it was still easier to port K&R code than ANSI C. C++ only got standardized in 1998, two years after Java appeared. Each compiler supported different parts of the standard, had vendor specific libraries and suffered from C like APIs. Java was a good enough C++ that one could expect with would have the same behavior in every system. Also the Java 1.0 networking libraries were already miles ahead of anything one could find for C and C++, and its SDK was free in the days we paid for compilers.
leothekim 11y ago
For Java, you get some very excellent tooling, a slowly evolving language, a battle-tested and mature virtual machine, comprehensive API, first-order parametric polymorphism, and a number of useful frameworks with tons of community support. For Go, you get an opinionated language/build system, decent tooling that is quickly evolving, no higher-kinded types, very systems-oriented API, ability to target multiple platforms without a VM, and also a number of useful frameworks. In short, and this is just MHO, I would rather build a systems-oriented app with Go than with Java, and I would rather build a webapp with Java than with Go. It's not clear to me that, as a language, Go can capture bizlogic complexity the same way Java could in a webapp. Also, it's definitely clear to me that I would rather deploy a native binary than a vm + bytecode for systems-heavy tasks, like automating maintenance of a database cluster, and Go is excellent for that.
lmm 11y ago
Compared to Go or Java you're not missing much - I'm not sure what the state of Rust's generics is these days but at the very least they're not far behind Java's. Compared to a higher-level functional language you're missing higher-kinded types that would let you do things like http://typelevel.org/blog/2013/10/18/treelog.html http://typelevel.org/blog/2013/10/18/treelog.html . See what you end up doing for "cross-cutting concerns" - things like logging, auth, transactions - as those are the kind of thing you need a higher-level language to handle elegantly. The big thing you're missing compared to the mid-level languages you mention is garbage collection. Rust makes manual memory management much easier than C++, but it's still never going to be quite as easy as the "just make objects and don't worry about it" that you get in a garbage-collected language.

aikah 11y ago

yes they ARE competitors. They are both used where people would use C or C++ to get more performances , especially by developers who would normally use a scripting language like ruby or python for their 'website'. Never heard a "why we moved from Java to Go story", heard plenty of infrastructure rewriting from ruby/python/nodejs to Go. People stuck in enterprise Java/C# ain't going to move a 10-15 yo infrastructure to the latest hype,they'll stick to the JVM or the CLR which offers plenty of choice already. These (former) devs might have used Rust instead of Go though Rust doesn't come with a big webapp related ecosystem yet (it will). In this space (compile to executable - statically typed yet still expressive languages without manual memory management) there are basically 4/5 languages in competition : Go, Rust, Nim, D and Crystal. One of them will be the 'C++ for suckers of the next 10 years' and will be incredibly successful as the demand is quite high. So Go is definitely in competition with others in that space. Now let's the competition begin.

Kurtz79 11y ago
IMHO 'C++ for suckers of the next 10 years' will still be C++ (and I would love to be proved wrong).
_pmf_ 11y ago
> They are both used where people would use C or C++ to get more performances , especially by developers who would normally use a scripting language like ruby or python for their 'website'. Rust is definitely not generally used by people who would otherwise use a scripting langauge. There are dozens of languages with the same target audience as Go (with a similar or better maturity level); there are very few languages with the same target audience as Rust (suitable for embedded systems sans libc) with the maturity of Rust.
- aikah 11y ago
  > Rust is definitely not generally used by people who would otherwise use a scripting language. I fail to see why pythonists or rubyist couldn't use Rust. On the contrary Rust has more semantics that are closer to these languages than Go has.