This is how things work at the industrial plant where I work. We dump a heap of data out of PLC's at basically whatever the native frequency the instrument can

This is how things work at the industrial plant where I work. We dump a heap of data out of PLC's at basically whatever the native frequency the instrument can log it hits the first datastore (which is essentially a flushed ring buffer) where it might get thrown at a HMI display or something like that after that it decays into the slower historical archive where it can get some metadata added to it and get rationalized aggregated, batched together or whatever. It varies but datastores tend to be 1 hour worth of data, then 3 days, then 3 months, then permanent. As you move between datastores latency to access a timestamp increases. We tend to call Time Series databases "Data Historians" its a big industry and from what I can tell most commercial products are built around ring buffers.