I would use the word "concepts" rather than technology, although I'm sure there was some of that as well. The general UI, though, came from Douglas Engelbart's

I would use the word "concepts" rather than technology, although I'm sure there was some of that as well. The general UI, though, came from Douglas Engelbart's late '60s oN-Line System (NLS), the subject of the Mother of All Demos. Pretty much everything, windows, the mouse, just no graphics. It was much copied, e.g. I'm think the Lisp Machine had the same basic GUI working by the time work on the Apple Lisa started, it was certainly reliable and somewhat polished as of the fall of 1979/1980. If you're a student of this sort of history, it's a bit sobering how little "new" stuff we're really doing, it was all conceptualized and generally at least prototyped by the end of the '60s.