>Other animals do not exhibit the anxiety about expecting or experiencing pain that humans do. What are you basing this on? If a mammal is exposed to pain, any

>Other animals do not exhibit the anxiety about expecting or experiencing pain that humans do. What are you basing this on? If a mammal is exposed to pain, any stimulus similar to that initial cause of pain will cause anxiety and fear, just like in humans. They may not understand the cause-effect relationship of the stimulus as clearly as humans, but they certainly have the ability to expect and fear unpleasant stimuli.