Off the top of my head: * A half-decent type system * No half-baked primitive / object distinction * The `as` operator * Various operators related to null

Off the top of my head: * A half-decent type system * No half-baked primitive / object distinction * The `as` operator * Various operators related to null * Ability to distinguish if something is nullable or not, and to have nullable and non-null references * The `checked` keyword * Operator overloading * Properties * Syntactic sugar w.r.t. getters and setters * out & ref parameters * struct support * unsigned values All of these things are major pain points in Java. Some of them can be overcome by running external tools, some of the time. Hopefully.