You "addressed" it by referring to "studies" that you didn't cite. There are studies that go both directions on the question, none of which have good enough met

You "addressed" it by referring to "studies" that you didn't cite. There are studies that go both directions on the question, none of which have good enough methodology to be worth more than a tiny update in either direction. Most of the studies are about extremely weak type systems (C, Java, etc.), and therefore don't provide any evidence at all about type systems that are stronger than Java but weaker than dependent types (e.g. Swift, Rust, Haskell, etc). Meanwhile we have a lot of people who have used both weak type systems and strong type systems who claim that strong type systems make their jobs dramatically easier, and we have a lot of people who have only used weak type systems who claim the opposite. Take a survey of people who have actually done non-trivial work using a language with a good type system, and you'll get very clear results about their view of the benefits. Clearly an RCT would be better, but given that training takes a long time, that just isn't feasible.