In the most general case it uses boxing strategies, but it's also able to behave like C++ with certain compile-time optimizations turned on (at the cost of slow

In the most general case it uses boxing strategies, but it's also able to behave like C++ with certain compile-time optimizations turned on (at the cost of slowing down compilation). There's a lot of literature out there about how to take advantage of those optimizations. It's a fairly involved topic.