A lot of the pathways that are mentioned here in the comments were discussed at the "Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready?" conference in Italy i

A lot of the pathways that are mentioned here in the comments were discussed at the "Interventions to Slow Aging in Humans: Are We Ready?" conference in Italy in 2013 that Valter Longo from the article was also part of. They reviewed the different pathways and summarised them here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.12338/full http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.12338/full