No offense, but the whole essay hinges on some core concepts that are NOT logically robust, hence the ultimate 'paradox' is really simply an application of redu

No offense, but the whole essay hinges on some core concepts that are NOT logically robust, hence the ultimate 'paradox' is really simply an application of reductio ad absurdum Basically the premise of what it means to be 'powerful' is at best ill defined, and most likely is not logically consistent. More or less there is no clear qualitative definition for 'powerful', nor is 'powerful' meaningful across all developers, organizations, or application. Now by an empirical definition in this context the meaning of 'powerful' is clear. 'Powerful' means how strongly the program language selection correlates with successful projects... based on that the 'powerful' languages are pretty much the 'blub' languages. there are many many successful PHP, Java, and especially C projects.