I think "very poor" is a little inaccurate. Hunter-gatherers are "very poor", but don't have a population explosion problem. The societies that have population

I think "very poor" is a little inaccurate. Hunter-gatherers are "very poor", but don't have a population explosion problem. The societies that have population explosion are traditionally agricultural economies with restrictive gender norms that have not fully industrialized. Basically, it's all about the returns to education. When women have reproductive choice, and when the returns to higher levels of education increase, then parents have fewer children but invest more resources into raising them.