There isn't a separate ping protocol. Echo packets are part of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). ICMP echo packets are used by both ping and trace

There isn't a separate ping protocol. Echo packets are part of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). ICMP echo packets are used by both ping and traceroute. In some sense, traceroute does often give you some location information. However, if you're talking about GPS or other geolocation information, even now if a machine supports IPv4 and/or IPv6 and isn't a phone, it likely doesn't know any geolocation information about itself. No provision for geolocation information was provided in the ICMP echo or echo response packets.