3 ms·

The inherent benefit to the stack is the memory region stays hot in cache due to natural use of the stack. That's your fast reusable buffer for temporaries. I

• evanpw 11y ago
  True, but you could do the same thing in any region of memory. The only thing that using "the stack" buys you is that there are a few special instructions to allocate / deallocate one machine word at a time (if you store the "top-of-heap" pointer in a specific register), and you get a bit more locality by virtue of return addresses being stored next to your locals and temporaries. (For x86 processors at least; maybe other architectures treat the stack in a more special way, I don't know.)
  • dumael 11y ago
    I'm almost positive that x86 doesn't really have special stack instructions, aside from call (push pc +sizeof(call)) onto $esp and jump. I know MIPS (and possibly other RISC architectures) don't have an implicit 'stack' register, just one that used by convention. They do have jump and link instructions which write $pc+4 into another register. Afaik, LLVM and quite possibly GCC just add/subtract $esp for the initial allocation / final deallocation of the stack. More recent intel x86 process I believe have a small separate d-cache for the stack.
    • vitalyd 11y ago
      There's also push/pop.
      • dumael 11y ago
        You got me there. I do now recall staring at the disassembly of LLVM produced code (LLVM 3.0ish) and seeing pushs/pops.
  • vitalyd 11y ago
    > True, but you could do the same thing in any region of memory. The only thing that using "the stack" buys you is that there are a few special instructions to allocate / deallocate one machine word at a time (if you store the "top-of-heap" pointer in a specific register) This is pretty much what a TLAB is in Hotspot JVM, except of course the pointer never moves backwards (once the TLAB is filled up, it retires, and then can get assigned to a different thread to start allocating from the beginning). Each allocation into the TLAB moves allocations further into the region -- there's never any reuse until the TLAB starts afresh. The stack locality comes from the rest of the stack execution mechanics keeping this region very warm, and the majority of the read/write action to the stack is localized (apart from large stack allocations that may temporarily expand the region's use).
    • TheLoneWolfling 11y ago
      Except that a TLAB is worse for cache than a stack. Look at what happens when you call a bunch of small methods that each allocate a couple things. With a stack, everything stays in nice proximity automaticially. With a TLAB, you quickly fill the TLAB, get another one, get another one, and so on. Effectively: the stack does any garbage collection that can be statically determined for free, keeping data in cache that actually matters, whereas with TLABs you need to wait for it to pass through GC before any of it is reused.
      • vitalyd 11y ago
        Right, that's why it bothers me when TLAB and stack are compared.