Well, KakaoTalk was first -- they launched in 2010, and NHN launched LINE to the Japanese public in mid-2011. I'm actually not sure when or in what capacity Nav

Well, KakaoTalk was first -- they launched in 2010, and NHN launched LINE to the Japanese public in mid-2011. I'm actually not sure when or in what capacity Naver tried to port it to the Korean market. It would have needed localization beyond just UI translation. I've only used LINE for business, but I imagine the stickers (large emoji) that are a big part of the user experience of both apps when used casually were initially tuned for Japanese emoji culture (which has a fairly rich, complex history, that is intertwined with various popular Japanese characters and memes). So I'm guessing there was a significant time gap.