There are other factors here: Automation. East asia remains the manufacturing powerhouse of the world, but even that region is losing production jobs in absolu

There are other factors here: Automation. East asia remains the manufacturing powerhouse of the world, but even that region is losing production jobs in absolute numbers. Low skilled labour opportunities are disappearing everywhere. Transport. Free trade doesn't cause a sudden loss of jobs to abroad. Cheap and effiecient logistics did. The incentives for moving jobs abroad is there with or without trade treaties. Regulation and incentives. Not sure if it remains the case but most of the major US tech companies including the likes of Microsoft, Dell and Intel used to be headquartered on Ireland due to tax incentives. Unions. Love 'em or hate 'em, they do cause disturbances in the market equilibriums. --- All of this has happened without treaties with either the EU nor the pacific countries. Some automotive factories may have ended up in Mexico, but NAFTA is hardly the reason that the US is where it's at.