Imho, your latter statement would be true except for the inclusion of <canvas> which is there specifically to allow it to be manipulated by JS. You are, of cou

Imho, your latter statement would be true except for the inclusion of <canvas> which is there specifically to allow it to be manipulated by JS. You are, of course, correct though, <canvas> is not actually Turing complete without JS; but then a Turing machine cannot operate without both the ticker tape and the pen to write on it. Given that, JS + <canvas> seems to be a near perfect analog to a Turing machine to me. (Though, I can think of numerous ways that someone might disagree.) Either way, I would still like to see more in-depth analyses of this interaction; and I find it odd that a discussion of HTML as a programming language would make no mention of it whatsoever.