> What if the group values are utterly alien to the other group? For example, are people to be taught that the Crips gang is 'one of us.'? Or Neo-Nazis are 'one

> What if the group values are utterly alien to the other group? For example, are people to be taught that the Crips gang is 'one of us.'? Or Neo-Nazis are 'one of us.'? Yes, and I think that's a great example. What enables people like Neo-Nazis to do horrible things to others is to first think of their victims as alien (to "objectify" them). This is well-known and long has been used by leaders that want to promote these horrible things; the original Nazis and the Hutus (just naming two off the top of my head) before their respective genocides, ran public media campaigns conditioning the public to objectify and despise Jewish/Tutsi people. In a very different context, soldiers often objectify their enemies as gooks, ragheads, etc. (again, it's a psychological necessity before a human does horrible things to others). You can see the same thing all the time in less dangerous situations, for example in how many male abusers talk about women. It's important to see that the Nazis aren't 'utterly alien', but normal humans like you and me (a very well-regarded, well-known book on this issue is Hannah Arendt's "Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil"). If we don't understand the reality of how people do bad things, we won't be able to prevent them. And the reality is that we all are prone to the same thinking and mistakes (though on a much smaller, less damaging scale, hopefully!). It's also important to realize that from the perspective of the perpetrators (including Nazis), they are doing nothing wrong: The victim is indeed alien and threatening (or otherwise deserving). Racists think that of blacks, for example.