I'm not sure a presence of a stream of instructions or anything comparable is a requirement for a definition of a "programming". You can program a DNA, or a sli

I'm not sure a presence of a stream of instructions or anything comparable is a requirement for a definition of a "programming". You can program a DNA, or a slime mold: http://www.wired.com/2013/06/slime-mold-computers/ http://www.wired.com/2013/06/slime-mold-computers/ Or even crabs: http://hackaday.com/2012/09/28/making-logic-gates-out-of-crabs/ http://hackaday.com/2012/09/28/making-logic-gates-out-of-cra... Anything which can be used to implement any kind of computing in a broad sense is a programming, as long as it's done using a well-defined formal language.