All these articles only mentioned the possibility of liability. [1] most probably translated from German, and I cannot really understand what the translated tex

All these articles only mentioned the possibility of liability. [1] most probably translated from German, and I cannot really understand what the translated text means, so I have no comment. [2]: It doesn't say for sure one will be liable "it is difficult to determine with any certainty: (1) whether open source software licenses will be enforceable, (2) whether open source software copyright will be valid, or (3) whether open source software licenses will subject developers to tort liability." [3] is more on vendor, which quite specifically on transaction that carries monetary value. It is debatable if one still be regarded as vendor even if he doesn't sell stuff. I will give the article benefit of doubt. Truth be told, the first successful litigation basically will turn off most contributors: no one can be sure their codes are totally bug-free. Even if that person totally wants to do good.