I find this kind of stuff fascinating, but lack the CS and/or mathematics background to understand the discussion beyond the basics. I think I grasp the concept

I find this kind of stuff fascinating, but lack the CS and/or mathematics background to understand the discussion beyond the basics. I think I grasp the concepts outlined in the graphic novel linked elsewhere in these comments, but the whitepaper is too deep for me. Any pointers for someone looking to gain an amateur understanding of this, or is this a topic of sufficient complexity that it precludes an amateur understanding?