There are. For sound recordings, there is the International Standard Recording Code (ISRC). For the musical work (of which there may be many recordings) there

There are. For sound recordings, there is the International Standard Recording Code (ISRC). For the musical work (of which there may be many recordings) there is an International Standard Musical Work Code (ISWC). For an entire album, at least in CD format, there is a Media Catalog Number (MCN). (CDs also typically contain an ISRC for each track.) Albums often have a label catalog number as well. There are also community identifiers, such as MusicBrainz IDs. Not sure what there is for movies, however.