Yes, philosophers have such arguements: Water on some alternative universe without H2O structure vs water on our earth with H2O structure. Even here, the issue

Yes, philosophers have such arguements: Water on some alternative universe without H2O structure vs water on our earth with H2O structure. Even here, the issues are related to metaphysics, not so much about chemistry:) There is a jump from empirical world (the world we are in) to possible worlds. Here is the article: Is water necessarily identical to H2O, by David Barnett http://spot.colorado.edu/~barnetdb/my_papers/Barnett_Water.pdf http://spot.colorado.edu/~barnetdb/my_papers/Barnett_Water.p...