As I said above, libel is a form of defamation; that's on the libel page. And if you click through to defamation, it says a defamation case (such as libel or sl

As I said above, libel is a form of defamation; that's on the libel page. And if you click through to defamation, it says a defamation case (such as libel or slander) must prove four elements: 1) a false statement purporting to be fact; 2) publication or communication of that statement to a third person; 3) fault; and 4) damages, or some harm caused to the person or entity who is the subject of the statement. https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/defamation https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/defamation The comments about malice on the libel page relate to punitive damages. That has nothing to do with the elements of libel itself.