Is there any generally reasonable 101 on how to do equity/share/stock-option in an early stage start-up? Tried to google for it and never found any general guid

Is there any generally reasonable 101 on how to do equity/share/stock-option in an early stage start-up? Tried to google for it and never found any general guidance for that. If you're paying a full salary/benefit for them, the options etc is really just trying to keep them from jumping around? I'm open to all ideas but would like to find some common/typical silicon valley way to do this for startups.