I have only looked at a specific field, but I have noticed similar issues with all the model-based studies I've seen. I don't even bother considering papers tha

I have only looked at a specific field, but I have noticed similar issues with all the model-based studies I've seen. I don't even bother considering papers that don't involve empirical data and analysis, because at least then they have some solid tie to reality. (Assuming their data, assumptions and hypotheses are reasonable, of course.)