This kind of mathematics is always pie-in-the-sky, but it's generally based on some function of the sales of the infringing product. So a patent may cover a sin

This kind of mathematics is always pie-in-the-sky, but it's generally based on some function of the sales of the infringing product. So a patent may cover a single narrow feature worth only a fraction of a single sale, but if there were a billion copies sold, those fractions add up. How you derive these numbers belongs to the lofty realm of experts charging thousands of dollars by the hour.