We shouldn't be trying to shoehorn entities into jobs that their incentives don't best align with. If the premise is that we want to allocate more capital into

We shouldn't be trying to shoehorn entities into jobs that their incentives don't best align with. If the premise is that we want to allocate more capital into scientific infra but the Gov't doesn't have that funding, the solution is to give government the funding, not to somehow get companies to spend their cash the way we want it. Where would this extra money come from? Again, under the premise that we want to re-allocate money towards scientific spending, it would come from higher taxes. Fundamentally the issue you're describing is "gov't can't perform one of its competencies (scientific investment) well enough due to cash constraints". The cash constraint is a fundamentally political problem, and companies' decision-making vis-a-vis scientific investment is just a red herring.