"Shock" doesn't necessarily imply shocking referent. Beethoven was shocking; Monet was shocking; Stravinsky was shocking, but none of them were shocking because

"Shock" doesn't necessarily imply shocking referent. Beethoven was shocking; Monet was shocking; Stravinsky was shocking, but none of them were shocking because of their subject matter. I think the kind of "shocking" art that they created is more what the article's talking about.