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I'm a HEMA practitioner from The Netherlands > I doubt it has close resemblance with medieval long sword fighting, though :-) It does actually resemble it ver
by Sander_Marechal 12y ago
I'm a HEMA practitioner from The Netherlands
> I doubt it has close resemblance with medieval long sword fighting, though :-)
It does actually resemble it very much, but medieval longsword fighting was probably very different than what you think it was.
> It must have been a lot slower fighting in leather, chainmail or plate armor than in this ultra light modern equipment.
Not really. The main difference is visibility. First, the modern HEMA equipment is a lot heavier than e.g. standard fencing gear. It's a lot thicker (like those dog attack suits) and often have steel or kevlar plates in the inside. Second, medieval gear wasn't all that heavy. I have a full suit of maille (as it's really called) and it weighs less than 15 kilos, helmet included. A full steel plate armour shouldn't weight more than 25 kilos. That's less than modern soldiers have to carry around on the battlefield.
The biggest difference is that a fencing mask gives you better visibility than a historical closed helmet.
> these guys fight one on one
That's what happened in medieval times too most often. The original medieval books were written mostly for one-on-one combat, either for dueling or trial-by-sword. That happened a lot more than being caught in a war on a battlefield. Swords have little use on a medieval battlefield anyway. You use different weapons and tactics.
> And fighting on some uneven, damp meadow [...] would be hard compared to fighting indoor on a floor.
My HEMA group trains for this as well, and I suspect many other groups too. It is also mentioned in the medieval books. I have trained in loose sand, in the surf on a beach, in deep snow, etc. It's true that competitions are usually held indoors on an even ground though.
- yummyfajitas 12y agoSwords have little use on a medieval battlefield anyway. You use different weapons and tactics. Just curious - could you explain this in a bit more detail? It's surprising.
- termain 12y agoIt's hard to get a sword into play against massed pikemen. And you want massed pikemen against the heavy cavalry of the period. Also swords expensive compared to spears.
- bane 12y agojust echoing what termain said. Going back to at least the Greek Phalanx and up to even quite a while after the introduction of gunpowder, massed warfare typically involved long weapons like spears or pikes. A reasonably good depiction is the Phalanx shown in the movie "300". The history of warfare is generally about increasing the standoff distance between two militaries. The side with longer spears generally did better, then the side with the better archers. Even after gunpowder was introduced, the reload time was so long that after getting a shot off, armies would switch to pikes. The "wall of men in formation" you see in the Napoleonic wars and the American Revolutionary and Civil wars was sort of the last use of that kind of traditional formation and movement. The widespread use of heavy artillery put an end to it much like the airplane put an end to trench warfare. http://bcw-project.org/military/tactics http://bcw-project.org/military/tactics
- sswaner 12y agoArmor (tanks) and other forms of mechanized infantry contributed more to the end of trench warfare than airplanes.
- kbenson 12y agoYeah, listening to Dan Carlin's Hardcore History[1] series, which is currently covering WWI, this is very apparent. Airplanes seem to have been used for reconnaissance more than anything. That makes sense when the artillery brought to bear was so concentrated is literally reduced forests to fields of churned up earth with splinters. Edit: Added link I forgot. 1: http://www.dancarlin.com/product/hardcore-history-50-blueprint-for-armageddon-i/ http://www.dancarlin.com/product/hardcore-history-50-bluepri...
- Sander_Marechal 12y agoSure. The problem is that swords don't have much effect on an armoured opponent. There are three types of attacks you can do with a sword: slashing, stabbing and cutting. Against a gambeson (jacked made of 20+ layes of linen stitched together) stabbing works, slashing is hard and cutting mostly doesn't work. Now add a layer of maille over the gambeson. Cutting doesn't work at all anymore, slashing probably only bruises you or breaks some bones and stabbing only works with narrow and sharp-tipped swords. Replace the maille with steel plates and you're pretty much invulnerable to swords, except at the joints, eyeslits, etc). So, sending out a group armed with swords on the battlefield isn't going to do much. You want warhammers with backspikes that can pierce steel plate and crush bone, halberds that can hit so hard it crushes anything underneath armour, long pikes to keep the enemy at a distance, bows to pierce maille. The best weapon on the battlefield is actually mass. Get a group large enough close together and trample your opponents. That's how most battles were won. In viking and early medieval times you would use large shields and short spears, create a shield wall and run over your opponent. Later on heavy cavalry appeared who could easily run over them. Cavalry dominated until the English started using the longbow en masse to kill the mounts of the cavalry. Swiss pikemen started using 6+ meter long pikes in tight bock formations. These pikes were so long that cavalry could be stopped dead before they reached the pikemen in a charge. It's like a wooden cumple zone. That pretty much spelled the end of heavy cavalry. Then soldiers started using halberds to get in between the pikes and crush pike blocks. Swords were often carried on the battlefield but usually as a backup weapon, not as the primary weapon. Their cross shape granted them a lot of symbolic meaning in those religious times, but there are much better weapons available if you want to win large battles.
- gadders 12y ago>Swiss pikemen started using 6+ meter long pikes in tight bock formations. This sounds a bit like a Greek Hoplite Phalanx.
- aidenn0 12y agoThe weakness of the phalanx is that you can be outflanked; it's really hard to turn a long pike to address an opponent not in front of you. I would imagine that having cavalry to protect your flanks would make it a lot more effective.
- Tuna-Fish 12y agoSwords are sidearms, designed for self-defense, duels, and as last resort. They were very rarely used as main battlefield weapons between the fall of Rome and the widespread use of firearms. In general, people on foot in this period fought with some kind of polearms, from spears to dane axes to bardiches to pollaxes to pikes. Same goes for Japan, btw -- the fetishization of katanas happened after samurais stopped being soldiers and became bureaucrats. On the actual battlefield a samurai was most likely to hold a long spear or a bow.
- rodgerd 12y agoAnd in Roman formations they were used in much the same way later and earlier combatants used spears: tightly locked ranks of shields, with the sword as a thrusting weapon.
- JetSpiegel 12y ago> On the actual battlefield a samurai was most likely to hold a long spear or a bow. As seen in Seven Samurai
- elbows 12y agoI would say, rather, that the sword was used as a sidearm rather than a primary weapon. Most soldiers would have been armed with a spear, lance, or other polearm -- weapons with greater reach and ability to penetrate armor. But many of those soldiers would also have carried a sword as a backup weapon and for use at closer range.
- mcv 12y agoHe puts it a bit too general, but against full plate armour, swords are nearly useless. In the late Middle Ages, when plate armour became increasingly common, people started using weapons with better armour-piercing capabilities, like maces, warhammers and various polearms. Swords are great against lightly armoured and unarmoured targets, like peasants, archers and civilians. Swords remained in use as a side arm and civilian weapon, and a popular duelling weapon, which may also be why so many medieval manuscripts are about one-on-one fights. Carrying a polearm with you everywhere you go is a lot more cumbersome than having a sword hanging on your belt. But swords were absolutely used on the battlefield. Romans and vikings used them a lot. Knights had them of course, and even they became increasingly less useful against other knights, they often didn't really want to kill each other anyway. Pikemen generally had a short sword as backup weapon (the Katzbalger), and there's of course the massive two-handed swords used by Landsknechts to break up pike formations (supposedly; nobody knows for sure). But again knights in plate armour, you'd better get something that can knock holes in it. If you want to kill him, that it. You might compare the sword to a pistol. You don't usually send a mass of soldiers into battle with just a pistol; you give them assault rifles (or polearms). But officers and civilians tend to carry a pistol, and maybe some soldiers have one for backup.
- voidlogic 12y ago>He puts it a bit too general, but against full plate armor, swords are nearly useless. A sword may not be an ideal weapon against an armored opponent, but half-swording with one is still very effective... Also its important to note, the sword pedagogically-speaking is the root weapon of HEMA systems. So the fact these folks train with a sword as their primary weapon makes sense. Manuscripts support historical training following the same pattern. I teach you how to use a sword, then I teach you how to use a pole-axe... I elaborate more here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8948675 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8948675 >You might compare the sword to a pistol. This is a good point, I think people often overlook how knights and samurai on foot share the same battlefield weapon configuration: <primary weapon> + <longsword/Katana> + <dagger/Tantō>
- mcv 12y ago
- voidlogic 12y agoI want to point out that the system that HEMA teaches (all though done usually by teaching longsword first) is a multi-weapon + unarmed system. A given technique that you can do with a longsword can also be done with a pole-axe. A pole-axe us better suited for armored combat (Harnischfechten) and a sword is better suited for unarmored combat (Blossfechten). Although its worth pointing out, there are Harnischfechten techniques for longsword commonly referred to as half-swording (and you almost NEVER see these in movies). Btw, the unarmed component is called Ringen. P.S. There are two similar schools for HEMA, the German and Italian school, my terms used above are the German terms. Most of the difference is either style, terminology or quite subtle.
- GnarlinBrando 12y agoThere are also a lot of other non-HEMA historical european martial arts groups and less historical EuroMA. For instance you can find stick fighting most palces, Jogo Do Pau is Portuguese stick/staff fighting, Savate is French kickboxing usually with cane and maybe some sailor stuff, Zipota is similar, but from Basque Spain. Lots of herding cultures kept this stuff alive and whether it is MMA or something else they seem to be getting more attention.
- PhasmaFelis 12y agoStill a sword, but not the same kind of sword most people think of: For much of their history, the Roman Legions used a kind of short, broad-bladed sword called the gladius. There were various types across the centuries, but generally they were quite a bit shorter than the swords we see in the movies, sometimes as short as 18 inches from guard to point. This was not a great one-on-one weapon; all other things being equal, a warrior with a traditional long-bladed sword would usually beat a shorter one. But the Legions didn't fight one-on-one. They fought shoulder-to-shoulder, leading with big rectangular shields, and thrusting around the side, top, or bottom with the gladius. Quite a few of their of their enemies came from traditions that emphasized personal glory and used big, long swords that needed room to swing. These men had to space themselves out further to avoid hitting their fellows, and so each one would find himself facing two Legionnaires shoulder-to-shoulder. A bigger sword doesn't help much against odds like that. (I am not an expert and I have probably got some details wrong; feel free to correct me.)
- gatesphere 12y agoHooray! Another HEMA practicioner! I'm from upstate NY (US), and I agree wholeheartedly with everything mentioned here. This man speaks truth. Our group focuses on medieval German Longsword, but we also take a dip into several other techniques, ranging through history from slings, to viking sword and axe, all the way through la canne and savate. Like true vikings, we train in the snow (when the weather cooperates and gives us snowy fields). Nothing quite invigorates the blood like doing laps and duels in the frozen north!
- hessenwolf 12y agoI came across a troupe of Longswording Englishmen in a fencing workshop in Scotland. They mainly practiced mowing down unarmed peasants with longswords, from what I could see. Perhaps you could expand on my limited insight?
- rsync 12y ago"Hooray! Another HEMA practicioner!" I am surprised that nobody in this thread has mentioned the Dog Brothers from California. They do not fight with swords, but they practice live, full contact stick and staff fighting. In a cage. Without any armor. Yes, I also thought that that can't possibly be a thing... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvmLQ_Jjqmk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvmLQ_Jjqmk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjAkbQb6axU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjAkbQb6axU
- swatthatfly 12y agoGreat videos. These contests seem to be modeled on Kali/Silat, the Filipino and Indonesian martial arts.
- BashiBazouk 12y agoSo, what is difference between your group and The Society for Creative Anachronism? Is there cross over?
- Sander_Marechal 12y agoThere is only a little bit of crossover. The focus of HEMA groups is to approach medieval sword fighting like a modern sport or martial arts (e.g, much like Karate, Judo or Kempo). That's why you see modern sports equiptment. The focus of the SCA is more on reliving medieval times. They wear medieval clothing and armour for example, they hold medieval banquets, practice dancing, etc. As for fighting style, I don't think medieval swordsmanship skills will get you very far on an SCA battlefield. Maybe in one-on-one tournaments though.
- BashiBazouk 12y agoThat's interesting. I'm a fencer and it's interesting to see how quickly even sword fighting changed (and armor wearing in public and duels). Every time the swordsman in the video put the sword above his head all I could think was: free points! Just about any ranked fencer would have popped the guy in the chest and moved back before he could do a counter attack. Foil and sabre are pretty wussy (light) compared to their real world equivalents but an epee is quite close to a rapier or dueling sword.
- Sander_Marechal 12y agoThat technique doesn't work well in HEMA combat. It's not hard to parry a thrust like that from a high, open guard and it leaves the attacker completely open to strikes on the hands, arms and head. There's also a difference in scoring with regards to defense. In my HEMA group if opponent A strikes B, but B strikes back in the same motion (roughly 0.5 seconds, but basically the same "move") then it's a double-hit. Often counted as 0 points for either side but on some tournaments even counted as -1 for both sides.
- henrikschroder 12y ago
- prawn 12y agoA modern soldier is probably running in bursts and often firing from a crouched or prone position. I imagine someone fighting in armour with a swung weapon is going to feel the weight from the ongoing movement?
- eru 12y agoI heard that tournament armour was usually heavier than what was used for war? (I think tvtropes said so.)
- sgt101 12y agoI was really surprised to see people wearing fencing masks to do this. These masks are not designed to stand up to the kind of blows that are shown on this video, if I were doing it I would be inclined to wear a keno mask instead.