Skimming Dreyfus's criticism, it is mostly applicable to early AI research which tried to reproduce intelligence through high level symbolic manipulation and ru

Skimming Dreyfus's criticism, it is mostly applicable to early AI research which tried to reproduce intelligence through high level symbolic manipulation and rule-based systems (and he was right: that approach failed). Modern AI research goes in the direction of connectionism and machine learning, so his criticism doesn't really hold (and neither does Musk's, I believe).