3 ms·
I do not want to discourage people from playing with cool stuff, but for safety reasons, I would like to give a few examples of what can go wrong: LN expands b
by maho 12y ago
I do not want to discourage people from playing with cool stuff, but for safety reasons, I would like to give a few examples of what can go wrong:
LN expands by 700x when it evaporates and warms up to room temperature. This makes thermoses inherently unsafe for storing LN, because they come with lids. Human experience, and the lid itself, through its design, say: Put this lid on top of the thermos! If you get carried away in the heat of the moment, you might give into this instinct and accidentally put the lid on the thermos. Or someone else who was late and missed the safety briefing.
Proper lab equipment, by design, does not come with screw-on tops, for exactly this reason. If you are hosting an LN cocktail party, I propose that you hide, throw away, or destroy the lids for the thermoses.
A few years ago a German hobby cook lost his right hand due to putting the lid on his thermos:
https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.morgenpost.de%2Fbrandenburg%2Farticle1131079%2FKoch-verliert-eine-Hand-bei-Kuechen-Experiment.html&edit-text=&act=url https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=y&pr...
Don't ever swallow liquid nitrogen. Once you ingest it (which actually is possible) it will rapidly expand by 700x. If you swallow a tablespoong (15ml), you end up with 10 liters (2 gallons) of gas in your stomach, and it will rupture. Occasionally you'll see YouTube videos of people doing this, but they either don't ingest anything, or very small amounts. I would not ever recommend trying this. Here is an example of the feat going wrong - google "LN ingestion" for more:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20065833 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20065833
Don't put things that have been cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature in your mouth. This is more of a personal story: It was the birthday of one of our lab-members, and he had brought some warm beer. We naively decided to chill the bottles with liquid nitrogen. This made most bottles burst and created huge levels of steam, fun, and what we called "beer popcorn": Beer that had frozen into small nuggets by the violently boiling liquid nitrogen.
Eventually the birthday-guy decided to try one of the beer nuggets. As he put it on his tongue, it froze to it. He tried to spit it out, but it froze to his cheek as well. He did not manage to rip it out in time and had nasty cold-burns in his mouth. Fortunately, he was not one to easily be bothered by such injuries, so the party did not end at that moment. But, looking back to it now, the feat very obviously was a bad idea.
Don't transport large amounts (more than a few liters) of LN in small enclosed spaces (a car with the windows rolled down, a small basement room). If the container tips and the gas rapidly boils away, it can dilute the oxygen in the room to dangerously low levels. Danger starts below 17% or so.
Small splashes of nitrogen won't hurt your hand, but they can hurt your eye. The cornea of the eye is quite sensitve and (since it has no blood vessels) heals quite poorly. Most people (not all) recommend safety googles.
LN easily soaks through fabrics - also pretty much all of the fancy "cryo"-gloves that you can buy in lab equipment stores. While they look like they might be the right protection for submerging your hands in LN to grab whatever stuff that fell into the dewar - they won't help.
Touching objects that have been cooled with LN can hurt. If the metals conduct heat well (metals, for example), they can hurt you more quickly than you would expect. You can get nasty cold-burns this way. It is good practice to wear protective gloves (although I sometimes leave them off if bulky gloves makes handling the ultracold equipment less safe.)
All in all, have fun playing with LN! But I recommend to start with some simpler experiments(freezing roses and smashing them, ...) first, and then work your way up to food, and then to alcohol. Be paranoid about pressure buildups and prevent them by design of the vessels that hold your LN.
- tptacek 12y agoWe did hide the caps for the thermoses. You didn't read that in my post because my post is not an instruction manual. I opted instead to keep it vague, saying instead that sealing LN into a container would kill you. The point of the thermos is to keep a relatively small amount of LN in your workspace, so that the bulk of it can be kept out of the house entirely. The thermos is itself a safety measure.
- 2muchcoffeeman 12y agoMy lab partner back at university once got a very nasty liquid nitrogen burn. Couldn't use his hand for a few weeks. We even executed emergency procedures swiftly and correctly. It was a freak accident, but since then I always cringe when I see articles like this that have little mention of the dangers involved and appropriate safety measures.
- mechanical_fish 12y agoIt's true, it is easy to get carried away by the fact that the Leidenfrost effect can protect you from small splashes of nitrogen on your skin. As the demos show, it's even possible to dip a BARE hand in... very briefly. For the love of god, don't do this while wearing a ring or a glove. It's objects that are the problem, because they do not evaporate and they do not flow away. One of the worst is cloth, which tends to be wrapped around your skin, so when it gets soaked in LN it promptly gets super cold and then sits there burning you while you try to get it off. I got a tiny splash on one of my socks once. Fortunately it wasn't a big enough splash to do more than sting a lot and teach me never to splash LN on my clothing again. And, as you point out, the other problem is that protective gloves are essential for handling cold solid objects, but very dangerous to have on your hands when touching the liquid. Which means you need tongs! Long tongs, so that your gloved hand stays safely at one end while the other end is fishing around in the nitrogen.