Academic papers about medical treatment affect life/death of millions. This is frightening. Absolutely. If you read "The Emperor of All Maladies" you'll discov

Academic papers about medical treatment affect life/death of millions. This is frightening. Absolutely. If you read "The Emperor of All Maladies" you'll discover that a single research lab led by a (probably) fraudulent research lead caused the US healthcare system to spend around a $billion on an aggressive cancer treatment that was no more effective than the existing one back in the 90s. The treatment was extremely invasive and very expensive: the patient was pushed to the edge of organ failure by extremely high doses of chemotherapy which required close management by nursing staff and had to have a bone marrow transplant after the drug regimen was completed because their bone marrow didn't survive. Needless to say, the side effects of this treatment were horrendous & since chemotherapy drugs are usually carcinogenic it's pretty much guaranteed that people who received it that would otherwise have survived died later on as a consequence. As far as I know the researcher in question has never faced any real sanction for their actions. When the fraud came to light they quit their post & refused to talk to anyone about it ever again.