Most of the lottery evidence suggests that the gains from charter schools are largest for students that that are more disadvantaged (limited english, learning d

Most of the lottery evidence suggests that the gains from charter schools are largest for students that that are more disadvantaged (limited english, learning disabilities, and low initial test scores). So while these studies only give causal estimates for students that apply to the lottery, it's quite plausible that average effects would be even larger if all students were included. Source: http://users.nber.org/~dynarski/kipp_may05_2010_web.pdf http://users.nber.org/~dynarski/kipp_may05_2010_web.pdf