This article is flawed. 1. Assertion: Need for excess fuel due to cooling problems and consequently increased CO2 emissions. Rebuttal: Additionally injected f

This article is flawed. 1. Assertion: Need for excess fuel due to cooling problems and consequently increased CO2 emissions. Rebuttal: Additionally injected fuel beyond the stoichiometric ratio will most certainly _not_ increase CO2 emissions. This is because it will not even burn, due to lack of oxygen. It may, however, increase CO emissions due to partially burnt fuel. Verdict: Lack of technical expertise. 2. Assertion: Need for excess fuel due to cooling problems and consequently reduced efficiency. Rebuttal: There are other ways to supply sufficient cooling for turbocharged engines. Only in extreme cases (gasoline supercars/hypercars), the last straw is to inject excess fuel, which will drive up fuel consumption (but not CO2 emissions). For diesel engines there is no pronounced cooling problem to begin with - here the excess air mass keeps the temperatures relatively low. Unfortunately you can't do the same in gasoline engines, as you would risk premature combustion. Verdict: In these extreme cases you _want_ effectiveness over efficiency, so where's the beef? 3. Assertion: Boost control is no more than "electronic trickery" and turbo lag will always get you! Rebuttal: No matter what you choose to call it: Technology that works, works. Turbo lag is complicated, but if you don't need to pinch pennies you can (for all practical consideratins) eliminate it. There is a variety of technologies who will do that for you, using two turbochargers. (Caveat lector: Not all biturbo systems use techniques of that kind!) Specifically, a sequential asymetric biturbo or a register turbocharging system can do this for you. Verdict: Turbo lag is a real thing, but never underestimate the power of clever engineering! I won't even go into "turbo impeller muffling the screaming glory of that prancing horse"... m (_ _) m Full disclosure: For the last dozen years, I've been working for a major automotive company, helping with the electronic trickery ;-)