Valid arguments, and after buying the first model I didn't follow the Amiga story after it was clear it was going to fail. Doom requiring GPUs would seem to be

Valid arguments, and after buying the first model I didn't follow the Amiga story after it was clear it was going to fail. Doom requiring GPUs would seem to be adding to the argument that for a very long time period as these things go, their specialization paid off given the volume in which they sell. If/when GPUs get almost entirely subsumed into CPUs (I don't have any 3D requirements, and I'm typing this on my first, 1 year old computer with integrated into the CPU graphics), I don't think it'll invalidate their "success by specialization". However, I think I'll still go with my thesis on the Amiga: the failure to gain sufficient market share and therefore volume, plus poor to bad management, doomed it just like the Lisp Machines. And perhaps the NRE costs on the chipset, perhaps the experience of doing it and facing having to do it again, deterred the managers from going for 3D. As for modern PCs ... I'm not sure I really buy it. Look at all the discrete TTL in the original PC motherboard: http://mit-a.com/disp/mb1.shtml http://mit-a.com/disp/mb1.shtml Look at all the TTL in standard cards for it: http://www.minuszerodegrees.net/5150_5160/cards/5150_5160_cards.htm http://www.minuszerodegrees.net/5150_5160/cards/5150_5160_ca... And a 2nd generation 3com Ethernet card: http://sishardware.com/unt/20622-3com_etherlink_ii_tp_6330___01_10mbps_8_bit_isa_ethernet_card_rj45__aui___at_xt.html http://sishardware.com/unt/20622-3com_etherlink_ii_tp_6330__... All computers, especially all designed for volume production, looked like that, and were filled with cards like that. I submit that the steady accumulation of all that logic into fewer and fewer ASICs, and much eventually into the CPU (nowadays memory controller and PCIe lanes) and a single chip "chipset", is just natural cost reduction aligned with (massive) volume sales. How to square that with the Amiga's chipset, I'd need to think about. Perhaps later.