According to the paper, that could be explained by the Python students having lower GPAs. "In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that students' past

According to the paper, that could be explained by the Python students having lower GPAs. "In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that students' past performance (overall GPA) in the University predicted final grades, final exam scores, and programming project scores for the course, but there was no effect of the programming language feature: Python or non-Python."