This question was tackled a while back by, of all people, John McCarthy (AI pioneer and creator of Lisp). You can find his analysis here: http://www-formal.sta

This question was tackled a while back by, of all people, John McCarthy (AI pioneer and creator of Lisp). You can find his analysis here: http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/arithmetic.html http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/arithmetic.html