I suppose the real thorny bit is what happens after that. You've used protectionism to raise a number of national industries that have incubated in a shielded m

I suppose the real thorny bit is what happens after that. You've used protectionism to raise a number of national industries that have incubated in a shielded market. At some point, they need to be exposed to the world. I'd imagine, if they provide something unique, they can succeed. However, if it's (for example) a commodity industry, they're unlikely to have faced the same pressure to become efficient that their new competitors have. Although, on the flip side, that timeline sounds excellent for growing a monopoly-busting competitor. (E.g. what my understanding is that the French do from time-to-time)