> Since 2007, all drug, biologic, and device trials in the US must be registered with ClinicalTrials.gov after phase 1 (which, at least in principle, addresses

> Since 2007, all drug, biologic, and device trials in the US must be registered with ClinicalTrials.gov after phase 1 (which, at least in principle, addresses safety only - not efficacy), and "results" must be reported. - A substantial percentage of trials haven't reported their results within the required timeframe. - The number of fines the FDA has levied for non-compliance is zero. - The data isn't actually published on clinicaltrials.gov, only a brief summary of the results which doesn't really tell you anything. - As you say, the requirements aren't retroactive. - There are several large loopholes, e.g. phase IV studies aren't required to be registered.