Let me clarify even more.) If a language does not threat functions (procedures) as "first-class citizens" (like any other value it could be another function's

Let me clarify even more.) If a language does not threat functions (procedures) as "first-class citizens" (like any other value it could be another function's argument or return value, a member of an aggregate) then you should't use it for writing programs in functional style. As long as your language has "everything is a pointer semantics" you should be able to write your own map and filter in a 2 or 3 lines of code. map(F, [H|T]) -> [F(H)|map(F, T)]; map(F, []) -> [].