there is a whole fascinating theory around that in E. Goldratt books. Basically the maximum output of a system is never when every component is at its max outpu

there is a whole fascinating theory around that in E. Goldratt books. Basically the maximum output of a system is never when every component is at its max output, but when its constraining component is at its max output capacity, all the rest needs extra capacity around to pick any slack in the system to try to keep the constraining component at its maximum. If the constraining component itself has a hiccup, you're still trying to get the surrounding components not to add their own hiccup in the output, they have to pick their own slack.