I agree with this entire comment, though I would add that the Bush administration expanded telecommunications to include communications over digital switches.

I agree with this entire comment, though I would add that the Bush administration expanded telecommunications to include communications over digital switches. The other thing I would suggest is that convincing rather than forcing is NOT an entirely different matter, as the amount of leverage the United States Government has is insanely high. In practice companies are forced to by overwhelming incentives - legal, financial, and otherwise. If you are going to provide a wiretap you are going to provide it in the clear. That is a backdoor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-party_doctrine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-party_doctrine