I think that your criticism of the classifications is misguided. Certainly, depression and anxiety are different disorders, caused by different chemical mechan

I think that your criticism of the classifications is misguided. Certainly, depression and anxiety are different disorders, caused by different chemical mechanisms. And, bipolar is certainly different. And, I'm extremely glad that medicine has evolved and can now treat these diseases differently. With new dopamine agonists, sufferers are able to achieve normality. Unfortunately, there are a good portion of the population that suffer from this disease and others. And, 'categorizing' it helps both in diagnosis and treatment. Biploar is different from depression, which is generally treated with SSRIs. I'm neither a chemist, or a molecular biologist, but I infer, from reading, that depression is caused by different chemistry, related to different parts of the brain. Depression and bipolar may have similar symptoms, at times, but the biological origins seem to be unrelated. There's a strong body of evidence that bipolar is correlated with schizophrenia, autism, and ADHD. Again, this isn't my field, but each of these diseases relate to the dopamine pathways. And, there are quite a lot of genes that take part in and/or affect tyrosine-dopamine production. I also infer that the gradients of these diseases are caused by combinations of genes, in each individual. So, it makes sense that biploar I is treated differently than bipolar II. Once scientists have better understandings of genetics, treatments will become more granular and targeted. But, currently, if you're a sufferer, you must take a cocktail of drugs, in different doses, until you get the 'right one'. It's not the best way, but it's the best that we have today. As an aside, I find the original article very surprising because it's widely known that multiple genes and SNPs are involved in incurring risks for developing schizophrenia (and bipolar and ADHD). To me, who continues to research the topic, I had just assumed that the results of the research were true. But, I'm glad that they were able to take controlled studies to help verify something that is deductive.