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It would be interesting to know if inventing an internet is a natural outcome of evolving life on a somewhat-stable planet. Regardless of the aesthetic differen

It would be interesting to know if inventing an internet is a natural outcome of evolving life on a somewhat-stable planet. Regardless of the aesthetic differences among life forms developing from different initial conditions, will a planetary ecosystem arrive at similar milestones along the way? Mobility, eyesight, language, society, etc. I think this research is very exciting because it actually is narrowing in on the limitations of evolution, or the "search-space" of possible life forms. This points to the idea that life on other planets may be similar to us, if not only in milestones, but possibly aesthetics as well. Maybe we can even get to the point where if we know the current and past environmental conditions of a planet, we can make educated guesses as to what life would look like on its surface.

tjradcliffe 12y ago
Specifically human intelligence of the kind that builds internets and spaceships has evolved exactly once on all of Earth's history, in contrast to things like eyes and wings, which have evolved dozens of times. And it evolved very recently, and appears to be due to run-away sexual selection of the kind that produced the peacock's tail. All of this suggests that specifically human intelligence--not dolphin or bird or any other kind of intelligence that does not build internets and spaceships--has an unusually narrow bottleneck to get through compared to most other capabilities, despite the ridiculous benefits available once a species gets through it. As such, I'm betting that we'll find life pretty much everywhere in the universe, and intelligence almost no-where. When intelligence does arise, it will likely be wildly different from us due to the essentially random nature of the sexual selection process that takes it through the bottleneck. The precursor species will almost certainly be tool-using and social, but tool use and social behaviour are both extremely common, so we could find anything from intelligent birds to octopuses. With regard to the "surprise" that evolution can produce convergent morphology, this isn't really that surprising: genetic studies have shown that such things occur in nature. For example there are two species of coastal lizard in the Yucatan both of which have evolved an extra vertebra in their neck which were thought to come from a common ancestral population, but thanks to genetic analysis in the '90's were found to be due to convergent adaptations to coastal conditions by different inland species. Furthermore, while gene selection does occur, the basic unit of selection is the whole organism, which in most cases either reproduces, or does not. Evolution happens at multiple levels (a topic it is fun to speculate on: http://www.amazon.com/Darwins-Theorem-TJ-Radcliffe-ebook/dp/B00KBH5O8K/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1410468328&sr=8-1&keywords=darwin%27s+theorem http://www.amazon.com/Darwins-Theorem-TJ-Radcliffe-ebook/dp/...) and the competition between them is likely to be a focus of increasing study in coming years.
- trhway 12y ago
  >Specifically human intelligence of the kind that builds internets and spaceships has evolved exactly once on all of Earth's history, in contrast to things like eyes and wings, which have evolved dozens of times. >All of this suggests that specifically human intelligence--not dolphin or bird or any other kind of intelligence that does not build internets and spaceships--has an unusually narrow bottleneck to get through compared to most other capabilities, despite the ridiculous benefits available once a species gets through it. do you place Neanderthals in the same bucket of internet building intelligence or not? If not, then is it because you believe that Neanderthals weren't capable in principle to get to Internet age? If yes, then where do you make a cut-off as it seems that we have continuous range of intelligence down through ancient human species to primates to racoons...
- jrapdx3 12y ago
  While it's true humans are the only species inventing the internet, science is also finding out other species have greater problem-solving abilities than previously understood. The course of evolution is predictable only to the extent that the environment and its attributes are known, and that the adaptation to that environment is possible for the organism. We might postulate evolutionary trajectory is toward adapting well enough to the environment, or only as good as it has to be for the purpose of survival and reproduction. There's also a factor of limits of adaptation, or maxima for given evolutionary paths. A bacterium will not evolve to be an astronaut in a billion bacterial lifetimes. If it's good enough to live in my gut, or another gut, it's evolved sufficiently. We know that environments have not been static, creating evolutionary pressure, and novel mutations then have a chance of producing increased adaptation in the changed environment. We can only assume humans evolved the brain necessary to adapt to the existing environment. The question arising out of these ideas is our brain evolved sufficiently that no further evolution is necessary. If we are able to adapt to changing environments using the brain we have, it wouldn't need to evolve. In a way global warming and all that it implies are a kind of natural experiment of the hypothesis. We must figure out a way to repair the damage to the planet, or adapt to it, otherwise we would predict disaster for current lifeforms including humans, and evolutionary processes will shape the successor species of the future.
- 12y ago
alphaBetaGamma 12y ago
Life on other planets will be extremely different from us. Consider the following thought experiment. Imagine a planet like earth, where evolution follows exactly the same path, with the same species, the only difference being that it is 2% older. The earth is 4.5 Billion years old, so 2% is 90 million years. According to Wikipedia [1] 90 million years ago is about the time placental mammals appeared. So in that time frame evolution pulled mammals in directions as diverse as bats, whales, and elephants. So the human decedents on the other planet will not look at all like us... [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_evolutionary_history_of_life http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_evolutionary_histor...

tjradcliffe 12y ago

Specifically human intelligence of the kind that builds internets and spaceships has evolved exactly once on all of Earth's history, in contrast to things like eyes and wings, which have evolved dozens of times. And it evolved very recently, and appears to be due to run-away sexual selection of the kind that produced the peacock's tail. All of this suggests that specifically human intelligence--not dolphin or bird or any other kind of intelligence that does not build internets and spaceships--has an unusually narrow bottleneck to get through compared to most other capabilities, despite the ridiculous benefits available once a species gets through it. As such, I'm betting that we'll find life pretty much everywhere in the universe, and intelligence almost no-where. When intelligence does arise, it will likely be wildly different from us due to the essentially random nature of the sexual selection process that takes it through the bottleneck. The precursor species will almost certainly be tool-using and social, but tool use and social behaviour are both extremely common, so we could find anything from intelligent birds to octopuses. With regard to the "surprise" that evolution can produce convergent morphology, this isn't really that surprising: genetic studies have shown that such things occur in nature. For example there are two species of coastal lizard in the Yucatan both of which have evolved an extra vertebra in their neck which were thought to come from a common ancestral population, but thanks to genetic analysis in the '90's were found to be due to convergent adaptations to coastal conditions by different inland species. Furthermore, while gene selection does occur, the basic unit of selection is the whole organism, which in most cases either reproduces, or does not. Evolution happens at multiple levels (a topic it is fun to speculate on: http://www.amazon.com/Darwins-Theorem-TJ-Radcliffe-ebook/dp/B00KBH5O8K/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1410468328&sr=8-1&keywords=darwin%27s+theorem http://www.amazon.com/Darwins-Theorem-TJ-Radcliffe-ebook/dp/...) and the competition between them is likely to be a focus of increasing study in coming years.

trhway 12y ago
>Specifically human intelligence of the kind that builds internets and spaceships has evolved exactly once on all of Earth's history, in contrast to things like eyes and wings, which have evolved dozens of times. >All of this suggests that specifically human intelligence--not dolphin or bird or any other kind of intelligence that does not build internets and spaceships--has an unusually narrow bottleneck to get through compared to most other capabilities, despite the ridiculous benefits available once a species gets through it. do you place Neanderthals in the same bucket of internet building intelligence or not? If not, then is it because you believe that Neanderthals weren't capable in principle to get to Internet age? If yes, then where do you make a cut-off as it seems that we have continuous range of intelligence down through ancient human species to primates to racoons...
jrapdx3 12y ago
While it's true humans are the only species inventing the internet, science is also finding out other species have greater problem-solving abilities than previously understood. The course of evolution is predictable only to the extent that the environment and its attributes are known, and that the adaptation to that environment is possible for the organism. We might postulate evolutionary trajectory is toward adapting well enough to the environment, or only as good as it has to be for the purpose of survival and reproduction. There's also a factor of limits of adaptation, or maxima for given evolutionary paths. A bacterium will not evolve to be an astronaut in a billion bacterial lifetimes. If it's good enough to live in my gut, or another gut, it's evolved sufficiently. We know that environments have not been static, creating evolutionary pressure, and novel mutations then have a chance of producing increased adaptation in the changed environment. We can only assume humans evolved the brain necessary to adapt to the existing environment. The question arising out of these ideas is our brain evolved sufficiently that no further evolution is necessary. If we are able to adapt to changing environments using the brain we have, it wouldn't need to evolve. In a way global warming and all that it implies are a kind of natural experiment of the hypothesis. We must figure out a way to repair the damage to the planet, or adapt to it, otherwise we would predict disaster for current lifeforms including humans, and evolutionary processes will shape the successor species of the future.
12y ago

alphaBetaGamma 12y ago

Life on other planets will be extremely different from us. Consider the following thought experiment. Imagine a planet like earth, where evolution follows exactly the same path, with the same species, the only difference being that it is 2% older. The earth is 4.5 Billion years old, so 2% is 90 million years. According to Wikipedia [1] 90 million years ago is about the time placental mammals appeared. So in that time frame evolution pulled mammals in directions as diverse as bats, whales, and elephants. So the human decedents on the other planet will not look at all like us... [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_evolutionary_history_of_life http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_evolutionary_histor...