Short answer: Yes. Concurrency does not necessarily mean parallelism (multi-threading). CSP-derived mechanisms provide abstractions for units-of-work to yield

Short answer: Yes. Concurrency does not necessarily mean parallelism (multi-threading). CSP-derived mechanisms provide abstractions for units-of-work to yield control to other units-of-work. Here, a unit of work is a function invocation, but it can be a block, a thread-like object etc. With such primitives it is fairly easy to build cooperative (as opposed to pre-emptive) concurrency mechanisms. For a mature example, see e.g. http://www.stackless.com/ http://www.stackless.com/