> The hardware access routines, real time operating system, and bottom level I/O can't be written in ADA. I disagree, Ada has fantastic tools for writing these

> The hardware access routines, real time operating system, and bottom level I/O can't be written in ADA. I disagree, Ada has fantastic tools for writing these sorts of code; you can precisely define data types down to the bit level and their precise locations and endianess in memory. Have a look at pages 50-68 of [1] to see these in action. you don't have to know Ada to be able to see what's being defined, and that's it exactly matches the specification of the memory mapped IO registers. Some reference c code is given, but there is no guarantee that the compiler will do what you want; the Ada language does guarantee it. [1] http://cs.anu.edu.au/student/comp4330/Lectures/RTES-03%20Interfaces.01.pdf http://cs.anu.edu.au/student/comp4330/Lectures/RTES-03%20Int...