In the last twenty years we've gone from where microcomputers were generally isolated to our now highly connected world with social networking and botnets, all

In the last twenty years we've gone from where microcomputers were generally isolated to our now highly connected world with social networking and botnets, all the benefits and security risks that entails. Programming languages in the mainstream have seen great changes in the past twenty years. River flow does not stay the same. The rate of flow changes with the seasons and geographically, rivers can move over time, depending on local geological conditions. Doctors are makers of new, otherwise where do our medical advances come from? They have to explore the unknown to make it known. Yes, "primitives", our foundations in digital technology and programming fundamentals are the same. We still use collections and algorithms, and our computing technology is still rooted in the core theory of the Turing machine. This knowledge is very important, but it really is still just the foundation which we need to be effective, develop expertise. The tools we use today, the applications and libraries and languages do change rapidly. And that is where the interactions are complex and change all the time.