>by casting an integer to a pointer type That's implementation-defined. The opposite too except if the result can't be represented in the integer type. >by tak

>by casting an integer to a pointer type That's implementation-defined. The opposite too except if the result can't be represented in the integer type. >by taking an existing pointer to one type and casting it so that it becomes a pointer to an entirely different type. It isn't that easy, but it's well-defined as long as both pointers are compatible and identically qualified.