Well, you could trivially compare "debunk rates". When I plotted percentage of debunked papers by country of origin, it was clear Elbonian papers are debunked

Well, you could trivially compare "debunk rates". When I plotted percentage of debunked papers by country of origin, it was clear Elbonian papers are debunked 3x as often as anywhere else With that kind of a wide net, I would think the main sampling errors would be things like "Only studied physics papers" or "forgot to gather data from Journal Y". The findings could be impacted, certainly, but hopefully still trustworthy enough to be actionable?